北京奥运投入产出经济效益分析

本文重点分析了北京奥运会的投入产出情况,进而对北京奥运会的经济效益作了分析。经验数据显示,近几届奥运会已经从整体上结束了收不抵支的局面,并且给主办国尤其是给主办城市和地区带来了巨大的经济利益。本文认为,北京2008年奥运会的运行预算存在盈利空间,北京奥运会将会带动整个北京地区的经济发展,并提供经济发展的原动力。     

外国直接投资、加工贸易利益分配:U形价值链模型

文章指出,价值链各环节利益与市场结构和竞争力有关,一个国家在特定行业竞争力越大,就越能占据具有垄断优势的战略环节,提供价值链上越多的价值增加量。文章将企业价值链活动分为上游、中游、下游三个环节,并假定委托方为发达国家的跨国公司,代理人为发展中国家的加工企业,装配加工企业的产品通过加工贸易方式全部出口,加工贸易委托方决策服从收益最大化或成本最小化原则,从而建立了加工贸易U形价值链模型。分析表明,加工贸易利益的分配轨迹呈U形曲线,且会随着代理方数量的增加变得越来越陡峭,使代理方净贸易条件趋于恶化;跨国公司运用转移价格手段使U形曲线变得更加陡峭,代理方利益受损。这正是我国在国际分工中处于U形曲线底端的原因,我国贸易条件的变化与外国直接投资流入以及加工贸易发展有较大关系,单纯依靠数量扩张来改善收入贸易条件的空间越来越小,我国应把利用外资的主要目标放在外资的技术含量和产业结构调整上,应对成本动机的外国直接投资予以高度关注并给以必要的政策引导。     

论企业内部知识共享的成本、效益和激励机制

优化企业文化,完善知识管理的技术系统,以消除各种影响知识共享的障碍。必须使企业调整或再造组织结构,清除传统金字塔型结构给知识传递设置的羁绊,使组织结构趋向扁平化。但必须看到,知识共享是一种手段而不是目的,任何知识共享的举措必须有助于企业解决其外部发展和内部整合问题,这样才有利于实现企业的发展战略。     

Social Security and Old Age Unemployment Risk with Efficient Wage Bargaining

I analyze a life‐cycle economy with old age productivity risk where wages, employment, and severance payments are set through efficient bargaining between risk averse unions and risk neutral firms. Allocations with limited union membership are second‐best inefficient as they generate too little labor supply in young age, too much consumption before retirement, too little employment of older workers (early retirement), and too little insurance against old age unemployment. Providing public transfers to early retirees (disability benefits or early pensions) might help to increase the degree of risk sharing at the cost of lower old age employment. Depending on whether absolute risk aversion is increasing or decreasing in consumption, these policies might or might not produce efficiency gains at equilibrium.     

Intranational Consumption Risk Sharing in South Korea: 2000–2016

This paper examines consumption risk sharing among 16 regions in South Korea over the 2000–2016 period. The empirical results show that 91.8 percent of shocks to gross regional domestic product are smoothed in South Korea. Capital markets, the tax‐transfer system and credit markets absorb 29.9, 28.9 and 33.0 percent of shocks to gross regional domestic product, respectively. Most notably, South Korea relies more on credit markets for risk sharing than capital markets, an opposite pattern to advanced countries like the USA, Canada and Australia. Furthermore, the patterns of consumption risk sharing are different before and after the 2007–2008 global financial crisis, and differences in regional industrial structure and local development can influence these patterns. This paper attempts to infer the connection between these findings and both the rapid economic growth of South Korea and the Asian and global financial crises.     

集团化办学的内涵与功能

集团化办学是以职教组织为核心,以专业建设、人才培养、科技研发为主要纽带,以集团章程为共同行为规范的职业教育联合体。文章主要从集团化办学的内涵和功能进行了简单介绍。     

水利工程监理在提高工程经济效益中所起作用的思考

就现阶段我国社会经济的发展状况而言,水利工程被看作是关键基础设施,它为我国防洪抗灾、农业灌溉、水电建设等方面发挥着重要的作用。文章就水利工程监理在工程效益中所起到的作用进行了详细的分析和研究。     

火电企业外部环境条件分析及经营管理对策

本文分析了燃煤火电企业的外部环境条件,阐述了电力市场与电价、热力市场与热价、煤源与煤价、交通运输方式、环保容量等对燃煤火电企业的影响,在此基础上有针对性地提出了燃煤火电企业的经营管理策略,通过严格控制煤价、积极抢发电量、拓展供热市场、争取有利政策等手段提高企业的经营效益。     

Preventing wildlife crime with a focus on orangutans: Applying social influence techniques to public education efforts

Orangutans are projected to become critically endangered or extinct this century if humans continue to destroy their habitat. Threats include legal and illegal clearcutting of rain forests to establish palm oil plantations, climate change, and transnational organized crime. This study examines how self-benefit and other benefit appeals, knowledge of threats, concern about habitat loss, and liking orangutans are associated with (a) intent to protect habitat due to licit threats and crimes against wildlife, and (b) seeking information to save habitat. Upon entry to a zoo, 251 (118 men, 128 women, and 5 unknown) persons viewed posters highlighting the benefits of habitat conservation to self or others and completed a survey. Concern, threat knowledge, liking, and self-benefit and other benefit appeals accounted for 28% of the variance associated with intent to take action to protect the habitat. Integrating social influence principles into zoo displays and addressing barriers that prevent conservation behavior are discussed. The ideas in this paper are relevant to many primates and endangered species.